Гривистый волк. Chrysocyon brachyurus, Волчьи. гривистые волки

9870 St Vincent Place, Glasgow, DC 45 Fr 45.

+1 800 559 6580

Род: Chrysocyon = Гривистые волки

Вид: Chrysocyon brachyurus Illiger, 1815 = Гривистый (гривастый) волк

Вид: Chrysocyon brachyurus Illiger, 1815 = Гривистый волк

Читать дополнительно: Видовой очерк о гривистом волке ; Волк гpивистый

В роде единственный вид: гривистый волк —С. brachyurus , Illiger 1811.

Размеры крупные. Длина тела около 125 см. Длина хвоста примерно 30 см. Вы сота в плечах 75 см. Масса около 23 кг. Лицевой отдел удлинен. Уши большие. Характерны высокие конечности. Волосяной покров высокий и относительно мягкий. На шее и плечах волосы удлинены в неВид: Chrysocyon brachyurus Illiger, 1815 = Гривистый (гривастый) волкбольшую гриву. Окраска его желтовато-рыжая. Проксимальные отделы конечностей темные или почти черные. Иногда спина, хвост и область рта черные. Конец хвоста и подбородок могут быть белыми. Диплоидное число хромосом 76. Распространен в центральной части Бразил ии, на крайнем востоке Боливии, в Парагвае, Уругвае и Северо-Восточной Аргентине. Населяет пампасы, окраины болот, а в Мато-Гросу — леса. Численность гривистых волков в Бразилии на площади 650 тыс. км2 в 1964— 1967 гг. была примерно 1,5—2 тыс. особей. Держатся поодиночке. Активен ночью. Питается мелкими и средними по размерам млекопитающими, птицами, пресмыкающимися, насекомыми, плодами. Самка приносит обычно 2 (иногда 3) детеныша. Включен в «Красную книгу» как вид, который в ближайшее время может подвергнуться опасности исчезновения, если не будут предприняты меры охраны.

Вид: Chrysocyon brachyurus Illiger, 1815 = Гривистый (гривастый) волк

---- -

Names: English: Maned wolf. German: Manhed Wolf. Spanish: Lobo de crin, lobo guara, boroche. Guarani: a guara-guazu guara.

Description: The maned wolf is immediately recognizable by its extremely long limbs, long bushy fur, and large cars. It is often described as a red fox on stilts. The coat is a reddish yellow, and there is an erect mane. The feet are black, which give the effect of black stockings. A darker colour starts at the nape of the neck and runs down the back. The muzzle and legs are dark, sometimes almost black. The tail is usually dark, but may be, light, even white. Head-and-body length: 124-132 cm. Tail length: 28-45 cm. Shoulder height: 74-87 cm. Weight: 20-23 kg.

Reproduction: Time of mating: December to June, peak in May-June. Gestation: 62-66 days. Average number in a litter: 1-5, mean 2. Duration of lactation: 3-4 months (Beccaceci pers. comm.). Age at sexual maturity: 1 year, doesn't breed until second year. Longevity: 12-15 years.

Social Behavior: Crepuscular/nocturnal. Facultatively monogamous: a mated pair will share a territory, but are rarely found in association. Family groups are rarely observed, a single parent usually cares for the pups. Pups are born in a natal nest usually located in thick brush. The den is above ground, often in the crevice between rocks.

Diet: Omnivorous. Dietz (1984) examined 740 scat samples and found that the most frequently occurring item was material from the plant Solanum iycocarpou (57% of volume, occurred in 33% of all samples). Other items occurring at a frequency of greater than 5% include (in descending order of importance): small mammals, birds, foliage, fruit, and insects. Plant and animal materials occurred in nearly equal volumes. Prey on domestic stock is very limited, but may occasionally include newborn lambs, young pigs, and very rarely carrion. Chickens are frequently attacked, perhaps at a greater level during the breeding season (Dietz 1984).

Distribution: Central and eastern South America including northern Argentina (to approximately 30° S.), south and central Brazil, eastern Bolivia, Paraguay, southeastern Peru (Dietz 1983).

Habitat: Grassland and scrubland, also in agricultural areas. Found in a great variety of habitats, all open. Not found at high altitudes or in rain forests.

Population and Status: In all parts of its range, the maned wolf occurs at low densities. Although home range area for two individuals is approximately 20 to 30 km2, 1960s population density estimates for 650,000 km2 in Brazil (IUCN 1976) indicate densities of 1 individual per 300 km2. This suggests that either much habitat remains uncolonized or that small areas of suitable habitat are interspersed amongst much larger areas of unsuitable habitat. Dietz (1983) presents good evidence that the range of the species is expanding with changes in habitat availability brought about by the expansion of agricultural use of land. However, further agricultural development may lead to habitat loss for the species.

Bolivia: Sightings are rare and the species is considered endangered (Tello unpublished data). Disease, not hunting, is blamed for population decline. This remains unconfirmed and there is some suspicion that hunting may indeed play a part in the decline of the species. Fencing of ranches and hunting as a pest species have been documented.

Argentina: Monies (1981) estimated that 1,CM- 1,500 individuals were present in the late 1970s. Found mainly in the following provinces: Corrientes, southern Misiones, Chaco, northern Santa Fe, and Formosa (Beccaceci pers. comm.). Common in the castem part of Formosa province. Known to occur recently westwards of Palo Santo, in fbarreta (70 km west of Palo Santo), on the banks of the Pilcomayo River, on the border between Argentina and Paraguay, and on the border between Formosa and Chaco Provinces, south to the Berrnejo River.

Uruguay: Verdier (pers. comm.) has reviewed both the historical and present distribution of the species. He concludes that although the species may have occurred widely in Uruguay, it is now extinct in all but the north of the country.

Brazil: In Minas Gerais, numbers of maned wolves in the Serra da Canastra appear to have increased in the last decade, perhaps as a result a reduction in the frequency of fires leading to increased grassland areas (Dietz pers. comm.).

Commercial Use: Hunted, but fur not highly valued for commercial purposes. Flesh and pelt unusable.

Other Threats:

Disease is one of the greatest threats to the species' survival. Anecdotal information blames disease for population decline in Bolivia. Dietz (1983) notes that captive breeding attempts have frequently been plagued by disease, particularly parvovirus.

Conflict with humans. Although the pelt is of little value, it appears that hunting for pest control continues throughout the range.

Habitat loss. The maned wolf probably benefits from initial stages of forest clearing for agricultural use. However, intensive use of land for agricultural purposes may preclude use of that area by maned wolves (Beccaceci pers. comm.). Furthermore, use of areas by humans will, without education, lead to conflict.

May be kept as pets in Argentina (Beccaceci pers. comm.).

http://www.canids.org/SPPACCTS/manedwlf.htm

РАЗДЕЛЫ
САЙТА